Ramsar Sites in India 2025 – Complete State-wise List

Ramsar Sites in India 2025 : are officially recognized wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. As of 2025, India has a total of 89 Ramsar Sites, spread across various states and union territories. These wetlands play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, water regulation, and climate resilience. This comprehensive list of Ramsar Sites in

Andhra Pradesh :

1. Kolleru Lake

Key Aspect: Located near the Krishna and West Godavari districts.
Ecological Significance: It is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India and supports various migratory bird species.
Prelims Relevance: Freshwater wetland, migratory bird habitat.

2. Pulicat Lake

• Key Aspect: A brackish water lagoon located on the eastern coast of India.

• Ecological Significance: Supports a variety of bird species, including flamingos, and is an essential habitat for migratory birds.

• Prelims Relevance: Coastal wetland, migratory bird habitat.

3. Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary

Key Aspect: Located near the Godavari River Delta, it is a coastal mangrove ecosystem.
Ecological Significance: It plays an important role in maintaining the health of the coastal ecosystem, supporting marine species, and serving as a breeding ground for birds.
Prelims Relevance: Mangrove ecosystem, coastal wetland, biodiversity.

Assam 

1. Deepor Beel

Key Aspect: Located near Guwahati, this is a freshwater lake and wetland.
Ecological Significance: It is an Important Bird Area (IBA) and supports various bird species, including migratory waterfowl.
Prelims Relevance: Freshwater wetland, migratory birds, Important Bird Area.

2. Kaziranga National Park 

• Key Aspect:
  Located in the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, it comprises tall elephant grass, marshland, and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests.

• Ecological Significance:

  • UNESCO World Heritage Site.

  • Home to the world’s largest population of the Indian one-horned rhinoceros.

  • Supports significant populations of tigers, elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp deer.

  • The park is also an Important Bird Area (IBA) with a large number of migratory and resident birds.

  • Plays a vital role in flood regulation and habitat connectivity in the Brahmaputra river ecosystem.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • Located in Assam, near the Brahmaputra River.

  • Notified as a Tiger Reserve, World Heritage Site, and a major wildlife corridor.

  • Species: One-horned rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, swamp deer, elephant.

  • Important for biodiversity conservation in the Brahmaputra floodplains.

  • Not a Ramsar Site (as of 2025), but highly important for UPSC due to multiple statuses and conservation relevance.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 

1. Ritchie’s Archipelago

Key Aspect: A group of islands and coral reefs in the Bay of Bengal.
Ecological Significance: This archipelago is a marine ecosystem that supports a variety of marine species, including coral reefs and marine life, and is crucial for marine biodiversity.
Prelims Relevance: Marine ecosystem, coral reefs, biodiversity.

Bihar

Kanwar Taal (Kabar Taal) Lake 

• Key Aspect:
  Located in Begusarai district of Bihar, Kanwar Taal is the largest freshwater oxbow lake in Asia and was declared a Ramsar Site in 2020, making it Bihar’s first Ramsar site.

• Ecological Significance:

  • Functions as a natural flood buffer and groundwater recharge zone in the North Bihar floodplains.

  • Recognized as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA).

  • Supports over 165 species of birds, including migratory waterbirds on the Central Asian Flyway.

  • Key species include Greater Adjutant Stork, Sarus Crane, and various species of ducks and geese.

  • Also supports numerous species of fish, reptiles, and aquatic plants.

  • Faces threats from siltation, encroachment, pollution, and changing agricultural practices.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • Location: Begusarai, Bihar (first Ramsar site of the state).

  • Type of wetland: Freshwater oxbow lake.

  • Key species: Sarus Crane, Greater Adjutant, and other migratory birds.

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway.

  • Threats and significance: Important for flood control, bird habitat, and groundwater recharge; under threat from human activity.

Chhattisgarh

Kanger Valley National Park Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Located in Bastar district, within the Eastern Ghats; declared a Ramsar site in 2022.

• Ecological Significance: A unique wetland-rich landscape inside a national park, supporting diverse flora, cave ecosystems, and aquatic biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Chhattisgarh

  • Wetland Type: Forest wetland within National Park

  • Designation Year: 2022

  • Protected Area Connection: Within Kanger Valley National Park

  • Biodiversity Note: Presence of underground limestone caves and freshwater fauna

Goa

Nanda Lake :

• Key Aspect: Located in South Goa district; first Ramsar site of Goa, designated in 2022.

• Ecological Significance: A natural freshwater wetland surrounded by paddy fields and forest; supports marshy and aquatic biodiversity, including herons and egrets.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Goa

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater wetland

  • Designation Year: 2022

  • Biodiversity: Waders, aquatic birds, and native wetland vegetation

  • Note: First Ramsar site of Goa

Gujarat 

1. Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located near Jamnagar on Gujarat’s western coast; designated Ramsar site in 2022.

• Ecological Significance: Unique mix of freshwater, saltwater, creeks, and marshes; supports over 250 bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Gujarat

  • Wetland Type: Coastal and inland wetland

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

  • Key Species: Flamingos, pelicans, and migratory ducks

2. Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located near Ahmedabad; declared a Ramsar site in 2012.

• Ecological Significance: One of the largest natural wetlands in India; key wintering site for migratory waterfowl.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Gujarat

  • Wetland Type: Shallow freshwater lake

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

  • Key Species: Lesser flamingo, sarus crane

3. Thol Lake Wildlife Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located in Mehsana district; designated in 2022.

• Ecological Significance: Man-made irrigation reservoir supporting over 320 bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Gujarat

  • Wetland Type: Artificial freshwater reservoir

  • Key Species: Flamingos, greylag geese

  • Note: Birdwatching hotspot near urban center

4. Wadhvana Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Located in Vadodara district; declared Ramsar site in 2022.

• Ecological Significance: Important for migratory waterbirds using Central Asian Flyway; also supports fish diversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Gujarat

  • Wetland Type: Man-made irrigation wetland

  • Key Species: Ferruginous duck, red-crested pochard

Haryana 

1. Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located in Jhajjar district; declared Ramsar site in 2021.

• Ecological Significance: Largest wetland in Haryana; supports 250+ bird species, including migratory ones.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Haryana

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater artificial wetland

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

  • Key Species: Black-necked stork, Egyptian vulture

2. Sultanpur National Park 

• Key Aspect: Located in Gurugram district; declared Ramsar site in 2021.

• Ecological Significance: Important breeding ground and stopover for over 200 bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Haryana

  • Wetland Type: Shallow seasonal wetland

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

  • Key Species: Siberian crane (occasionally), painted stork

Himachal Pradesh 

1. Chandertal Wetland 

• Key Aspect: High-altitude glacial lake in Lahaul-Spiti Valley.

• Ecological Significance: Supports unique cold desert biodiversity and alpine flora; breeding site for high-altitude birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Himachal Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: High-altitude freshwater lake

  • Key Species: Ruddy shelduck, snow leopard (surrounding habitat)

  • Note: Tourism-sensitive zone

2. Pong Dam Lake 

• Key Aspect: Man-made reservoir on the Beas River in Kangra district.

• Ecological Significance: Major wintering site for migratory birds; over 220 bird species recorded.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Himachal Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Reservoir

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

  • Key Species: Bar-headed goose, red-necked grebe

3. Renuka Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Natural lake in Sirmaur district, surrounded by forested hills.

• Ecological Significance: Supports fish diversity, local livelihoods, and holds cultural significance (linked to Renuka Devi).

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Himachal Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Natural lake

  • Key Species: Mahseer fish

  • Cultural Link: Associated with Indian mythology

Jammu & Kashmir 

1. Haigam Wetland Conservation Reserve

• Key Aspect: Located in Baramulla district; declared a Ramsar site in 2022.

• Ecological Significance: Freshwater lake fed by Jhelum River; important stopover for migratory birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Jammu & Kashmir

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater marsh

  • Key Species: Common teal, northern pintail

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

2. Hokersar Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Located near Srinagar; largest bird reserve in the Kashmir Valley.

• Ecological Significance: Supports over 500,000 migratory birds annually.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Jammu & Kashmir

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake and marsh

  • Key Species: Eurasian wigeon, gadwall

  • Threats: Urban encroachment, siltation

3. Shallabugh Wetland Conservation Reserve 

• Key Aspect: Located in Ganderbal district; declared Ramsar site in 2022.

• Ecological Significance: Important breeding ground for waterfowl and waders.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Jammu & Kashmir

  • Wetland Type: Marshy wetland

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

  • Key Species: Garganey, tufted duck

4. Surinsar-Mansar Lakes 

• Key Aspect: Twin lakes in Jammu region, surrounded by hills and forest.

• Ecological Significance: Cultural and ecological importance; supports migratory birds and aquatic biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Jammu & Kashmir

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake system

  • Key Species: Indian softshell turtle, fish species

  • Cultural Importance: Pilgrimage sites

5. Wular Lake 

• Key Aspect: One of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia; fed by the Jhelum River.

• Ecological Significance: Key for flood control, fishery, and bird habitat.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Jammu & Kashmir

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Key Species: Eurasian coot, mallard

  • Environmental Role: Major flood basin for Jhelum

Karnataka 

1. Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve 

• Key Aspect: Freshwater lake in Vijayanagara district.

• Ecological Significance: Important habitat for both resident and migratory birds; supports diverse avifauna including painted storks and black-headed ibis.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Karnataka

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Key Species: Painted stork, black-headed ibis

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

2. Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve 

• Key Aspect: Located in Gadag district, this shallow freshwater wetland is rain-fed.

• Ecological Significance: Supports large congregations of bar-headed geese and other migratory waterfowl during winter.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Karnataka

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Key Species: Bar-headed goose

  • Notable Feature: Seasonal wetland of conservation significance

3. Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Island-based wetland on the Cauvery River in Mandya district.

• Ecological Significance: Major breeding ground for colonial waterbirds; supports over 200 species of birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Karnataka

  • Wetland Type: Riverine wetland

  • Key Species: Spot-billed pelican, painted stork

  • Linkage: On Cauvery River

Kerala 

1. Ashtamudi Lake 

• Key Aspect: Palm-shaped estuarine lake in Kollam district.

• Ecological Significance: Supports clam fisheries, mangroves, and estuarine biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Kerala

  • Wetland Type: Estuarine lake

  • Key Species: Clams, mangrove species

  • Human Linkage: Traditional livelihoods (fishing, coir)

2. Sasthamkotta Lake

• Key Aspect: Largest freshwater lake in Kerala located in Kollam district.

• Ecological Significance: Source of drinking water, habitat for freshwater fish and birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Kerala

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Key Species: Freshwater fishes, otters

  • Note: Supplies drinking water to Kollam

3. Vembanad-Kol Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Largest Ramsar site in India, spread across multiple districts including Alappuzha and Kottayam.

• Ecological Significance: Supports paddy farming (below sea level), backwaters tourism, and large waterbird populations.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Kerala

  • Wetland Type: Brackish lagoon and marsh

  • Key Species: Waterbirds, marsh fish

  • Notable Feature: Below sea-level farming (Kuttanad)

Ladakh

1. Tso Kar Wetland Complex 

• Key Aspect: A high-altitude saline wetland in the Leh region of Ladakh.

• Ecological Significance: Known for migratory birds, particularly during the monsoon season. The site plays an important role in supporting diverse avifauna, including the threatened black-necked crane.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Ladakh

  • Wetland Type: Saline wetland

  • Key Species: Black-necked crane

  • Altitude: High-altitude wetland

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

2. Tsomoriri

• Key Aspect: A high-altitude lake in the Leh region, known for its remote location in the Changthang plateau.

• Ecological Significance: Supports rich biodiversity, including migratory waterfowl like the bar-headed goose and a variety of aquatic life.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Ladakh

  • Wetland Type: High-altitude lake

  • Key Species: Bar-headed goose

  • Flyway: Central Asian Flyway

  • Human Impact: Home to nomadic herders (Changpas)

Madhya Pradesh

1. Bhoj Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Comprising two artificial lakes (Bhojtal and Kaliasot) near Bhopal.

• Ecological Significance: Provides vital water supply to the city of Bhopal and supports a variety of waterfowl and aquatic flora.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Madhya Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Artificial wetland (lake)

  • Key Species: Migratory waterfowl

  • Location: Bhopal

2. Sakhya Sagar 

• Key Aspect: Located in the Guna district, this wetland is a man-made reservoir.

• Ecological Significance: Supports waterfowl, aquatic plants, and serves as a key water source for the surrounding areas.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Madhya Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Reservoir

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Guna district

3. Sirpur Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Situated in the Betul district, this wetland is known for its seasonal and semi-permanent water bodies.

• Ecological Significance: Supports rich biodiversity and is important for the seasonal migration of birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Madhya Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Seasonal wetland

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Betul district

4. Yashwant Sagar 

• Key Aspect: An artificial wetland located in the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh.

• Ecological Significance: Serves as an important habitat for birds, particularly during the migratory season.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Madhya Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Reservoir

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Shivpuri district

Maharashtra 

1. Lonar Lake 

• Key Aspect: A unique, alkaline crater lake located in the Maharashtra state, formed by a meteorite impact.

• Ecological Significance: One of only four known hyper-velocity impact craters in basaltic rock anywhere in the world. The lake supports rare species of flora and fauna.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Maharashtra

  • Wetland Type: Crater lake (alkaline)

  • Ecological Feature: Supports unique flora and fauna

  • Geological Significance: Meteorite impact lake

  • Location: Aurangabad district

2. Nandur Madhmeshwar Wetland 

• Key Aspect: A man-made wetland in the Nashik district, formed by the backwaters of the Godavari River.

• Ecological Significance: An important site for migratory birds and an important waterbird habitat. It also supports aquatic life and numerous species of flora.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Maharashtra

  • Wetland Type: Man-made wetland (backwater of Godavari)

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Nashik district

3. Thane Creek 

• Key Aspect: A tidal creek situated near Mumbai, a critical habitat for mangroves and waterbirds.

• Ecological Significance: The site is home to a variety of coastal flora and fauna, including several migratory bird species. It acts as an essential coastal buffer and water quality regulator.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Maharashtra

  • Wetland Type: Tidal creek

  • Key Species: Migratory birds, mangroves

  • Location: Near Mumbai

Manipur 

1. Loktak Lake 

• Key Aspect: A freshwater lake located in the Moirang region of Manipur, famous for its phumdis (floating islands).

• Ecological Significance: It is one of the largest freshwater lakes in northeastern India, supporting rich biodiversity and acting as a crucial water source for the region. It is home to the endangered Sangai deer.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Manipur

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Key Species: Sangai deer (endangered)

  • Ecological Role: Floating islands (phumdis), water regulation

  • Location: Moirang

Mizoram 

1. Pala Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Located in the Kolasib district of Mizoram, this is a high-altitude wetland known for its diverse flora and fauna.

• Ecological Significance: A vital source of water for local communities, it supports a rich variety of bird species and aquatic life.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Mizoram

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater wetland

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Kolasib district

Nagaland

1. Doyang Lake 

• Key Aspect: A high-altitude lake in the Wokha district of Nagaland, formed by the Doyang River.

• Ecological Significance: Known for its biodiversity, especially bird species, it serves as an important habitat for migratory birds and aquatic life.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Nagaland

  • Wetland Type: Riverine lake

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Wokha district

Odisha 

1. Ansupa Lake 

• Key Aspect: A natural lake located near Cuttack, Odisha.

• Ecological Significance: The lake is a significant habitat for waterfowl, supporting rich biodiversity, and is also a vital source of water for the local population.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Odisha

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Ecological Role: Bird habitat

  • Location: Near Cuttack

2. Bhitarkanika Mangroves 

• Key Aspect: A unique estuarine wetland, located in Kendrapara district, Odisha, known for its mangrove forests.

• Ecological Significance: A vital habitat for numerous species of flora and fauna, including the endangered saltwater crocodile. The mangrove ecosystem plays an important role in coastal protection and water regulation.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Odisha

  • Wetland Type: Mangrove forest

  • Key Species: Saltwater crocodile (endangered)

  • Ecological Role: Coastal protection, biodiversity hotspot

  • Location: Kendrapara district

3. Chilika Lake 

• Key Aspect: The largest brackish water lake in India, located along the eastern coast of Odisha.

• Ecological Significance: A hotspot for migratory birds, especially during the winter months. Chilika is home to several endangered species, including the Irrawaddy dolphin.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Odisha

  • Wetland Type: Brackish water lake

  • Key Species: Irrawaddy dolphin (endangered), migratory birds

  • Location: Along the eastern coast of Odisha

4. Hirakud Reservoir 

• Key Aspect: Located on the Mahanadi River near Sambalpur, it is one of the largest artificial reservoirs in India.

• Ecological Significance: Supports a variety of aquatic species and migratory birds. It plays a crucial role in water storage and flood control for the region.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Odisha

  • Wetland Type: Artificial reservoir

  • Ecological Role: Water storage, flood control

  • Location: Near Sambalpur

5. Satkosia Gorge 

• Key Aspect: A deep gorge formed by the Mahanadi River, surrounded by rich biodiversity.

• Ecological Significance: Known for its diverse fauna, including tigers and crocodiles, the site also provides important ecosystem services, including water regulation.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Odisha

  • Wetland Type: Riverine gorge

  • Key Species: Tigers, crocodiles

  • Ecological Role: Biodiversity hotspot, water regulation

  • Location: Mahanadi River

6. Tampara Lake 

• Key Aspect: A freshwater lake located in Ganjam district, Odisha.

• Ecological Significance: The lake supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, particularly bird species, and provides water for local agriculture.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Odisha

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Ecological Role: Bird habitat, water source

  • Location: Ganjam district

Punjab

1. Beas Conservation Reserve 

• Key Aspect: A wetland area along the Beas River in the Gurdaspur district.

• Ecological Significance: A vital habitat for migratory birds and aquatic species, contributing to the preservation of biodiversity in the region.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Punjab

  • Wetland Type: Riverine wetland

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Gurdaspur district

2. Harike Wetland 

• Key Aspect: Located at the confluence of the Beas and Sutlej rivers, Harike Wetland is one of the largest wetlands in northern India.

• Ecological Significance: The site supports a wide variety of migratory birds, including the Siberian crane. It is also an important fishery resource.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Punjab

  • Wetland Type: Riverine wetland

  • Key Species: Siberian crane (migratory), fish species

  • Location: Confluence of Beas and Sutlej rivers

3. Kanjli Wetland 

• Key Aspect: A man-made wetland located near the town of Kanjli in Punjab.

• Ecological Significance: Known for its rich avian biodiversity, it provides a critical habitat for several migratory bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Punjab

  • Wetland Type: Man-made wetland

  • Ecological Role: Bird habitat

  • Location: Near Kanjli town

4. Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve 

• Key Aspect: A wetland reserve in the Gurdaspur district of Punjab, known for its role in maintaining biodiversity.

• Ecological Significance: It supports a large number of waterfowl and migratory birds. The reserve is essential for bird conservation.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Punjab

  • Wetland Type: Wetland reserve

  • Ecological Role: Bird conservation

  • Location: Gurdaspur district

5. Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located in the foothills of the Shivalik Range, it is a vital wetland in Punjab.

• Ecological Significance: Supports several species of aquatic birds and mammals, including the endangered species of crocodiles.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Punjab

  • Wetland Type: Wetland sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Aquatic bird and mammal habitat

  • Location: Foothills of the Shivalik Range

6. Ropar Wetland 

• Key Aspect: A large wetland located near the town of Ropar, Punjab.

• Ecological Significance: This site is crucial for migratory bird species, particularly during the winter months, and plays an important role in water purification.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Punjab

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater wetland

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat, water purification

  • Location: Near Ropar town

Rajasthan 

1. Keoladeo National Park 

• Key Aspect: A famous wetland and bird sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, known for its rich biodiversity.

• Ecological Significance: A hotspot for migratory birds, particularly waterfowl. It plays a vital role in wetland ecosystem functions like water filtration and flood regulation.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Rajasthan

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater wetland

  • Key Species: Migratory waterfowl, particularly the Siberian crane

  • Location: Bharatpur district, Rajasthan

2. Sambhar Lake 

• Key Aspect: The largest saline lake in India, located in the Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

• Ecological Significance: A critical site for migratory birds and a source of salt production. It supports rich aquatic and bird biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Rajasthan

  • Wetland Type: Saline lake

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat, salt production

  • Location: Jaipur district, Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu 

1. Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located in the Ramanathapuram district, this sanctuary is important for migratory birds.

• Ecological Significance: Vital wetland for waterfowl and migratory birds, especially during winter.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Key Species: Migratory waterfowl

  • Location: Ramanathapuram district

2. Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve 

• Key Aspect: A coastal and marine ecosystem with diverse marine life.

• Ecological Significance: Supports coral reefs, sea grass beds, and a range of marine biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Marine biosphere reserve

  • Ecological Role: Marine biodiversity, coral reefs

  • Location: Off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu

3. Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Situated in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, this sanctuary is a critical site for birdlife.

• Ecological Significance: Supports a large number of waterfowl and migratory birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Key Species: Migratory waterfowl

  • Location: Southern Tamil Nadu

4. Karikili Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located near Chennai, this sanctuary is significant for birdwatching and biodiversity.

• Ecological Significance: Important habitat for migratory birds and other wildlife.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Near Chennai

5. Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, this site is crucial for migratory birds.

• Ecological Significance: It plays a key role in the conservation of waterfowl species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Southern Tamil Nadu

6. Longwood Shola Reserve Forest 

• Key Aspect: A tropical forest area, home to a rich variety of flora and fauna.

• Ecological Significance: Known for its rich biodiversity and being a crucial part of the Western Ghats ecosystem.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Forest reserve

  • Ecological Role: Biodiversity hotspot

  • Location: Western Ghats

7. Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest 

• Key Aspect: A marshland near Chennai, known for its biodiversity and wetlands.

• Ecological Significance: Acts as a crucial migratory bird stopover site and supports diverse flora and fauna.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Marsh reserve

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Near Chennai

8. Pichavaram Mangrove 

• Key Aspect: A mangrove ecosystem located near the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu.

• Ecological Significance: Known for its dense mangrove forests and as a habitat for marine biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Mangrove

  • Ecological Role: Marine biodiversity

  • Location: Near the coastal region

9. Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: A coastal sanctuary that is a key stopover for migratory birds.

• Ecological Significance: Acts as a crucial feeding and breeding ground for a variety of waterfowl.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Wildlife sanctuary

  • Key Species: Migratory birds

  • Location: Coastal Tamil Nadu

10. Ramanathapuram Wetland Complex 

• Key Aspect: Wetland complex in the southern Tamil Nadu region, supporting rich biodiversity.

• Ecological Significance: Known for its birdlife and ecological role in water purification.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Wetland complex

  • Ecological Role: Bird migration, water purification

  • Location: Southern Tamil Nadu

11. Sirunallur Wetland Complex 

• Key Aspect: Wetland complex located in the Tamil Nadu region, home to various migratory species.

• Ecological Significance: Provides an important habitat for a variety of waterbirds and other species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Wetland complex

  • Ecological Role: Bird migration, habitat for wildlife

  • Location: Tamil Nadu

12. Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex 

• Key Aspect: Wetland complex located in Tamil Nadu, important for biodiversity and migratory birds.

• Ecological Significance: Supports both freshwater and wetland species, contributing to the region’s biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Wetland complex

  • Ecological Role: Habitat for migratory birds

  • Location: Tamil Nadu

13. Thaneerkkarai Odai Bird Sanctuary

• Key Aspect: A bird sanctuary in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, vital for migratory species.

• Ecological Significance: Acts as a critical site for waterfowl and provides an important sanctuary for birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Southern Tamil Nadu

14. Therthangal Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located in Tamil Nadu, this bird sanctuary is a known stopover for migratory birds.

• Ecological Significance: Supports a diverse population of waterfowl and other bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird stopover

  • Location: Tamil Nadu

15. Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary

• Key Aspect: A bird sanctuary located in the Tamil Nadu region, known for its variety of bird species.

• Ecological Significance: A crucial wetland site for waterfowl and migratory birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Tamil Nadu

16. Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Situated in the Thanjavur district, this sanctuary is important for bird conservation.

• Ecological Significance: Serves as a significant habitat for migratory birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Thanjavur district

17. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: Located near Chennai, this sanctuary is one of the oldest bird sanctuaries in India.

• Ecological Significance: Known for hosting a large number of migratory birds, particularly during winter.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Near Chennai

18. Vellode Bird Sanctuary 

• Key Aspect: A bird sanctuary located in Tamil Nadu, known for its birdlife and aquatic species.

• Ecological Significance: Important for bird migration and serves as a critical stopover for waterfowl.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Tamil Nadu

19. Vembannur Wetland Complex 

• Key Aspect: Wetland complex that plays a vital role in supporting a variety of bird species.

• Ecological Significance: Acts as a feeding and breeding ground for migratory and resident birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Wetland complex

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Tamil Nadu

20. Mudaliarkuppam Mangrove 

• Key Aspect: A mangrove ecosystem near the Tamil Nadu coast.

• Ecological Significance: Supports marine biodiversity and is crucial for coastal protection.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tamil Nadu

  • Wetland Type: Mangrove

  • Ecological Role: Coastal protection, marine biodiversity

  • Location: Coastal Tamil Nadu

Telangana

1. Asan Barrage 

• Key Aspect: Situated near the city of Hyderabad, it is a man-made wetland formed by the construction of the Asan Barrage.

• Ecological Significance: Important for waterfowl and other wetland species, providing habitat for birds and aquatic life.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Telangana

  • Wetland Type: Man-made wetland

  • Ecological Role: Waterfowl habitat

  • Location: Near Hyderabad

2. Kawal Tiger Reserve 

• Key Aspect: Located in the Adilabad district, Kawal is known for its tiger population and rich biodiversity.

• Ecological Significance: A significant forest and wetland area, contributing to the protection of endangered species and ecosystems.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Telangana

  • Wetland Type: Forest reserve and wetland

  • Key Species: Tigers, wild boars, and various bird species

  • Location: Adilabad district

3. Keetham Lake (Sur Sarovar) 

• Key Aspect: Situated near Agra, it is a prominent wetland known for its birdlife.

• Ecological Significance: Plays an essential role as a feeding and breeding site for migratory birds.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Telangana

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Near Agra

Tripura 

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1. Rudrasagar Lake 

• Key Aspect: Located in the western part of Tripura, Rudrasagar Lake is known for its ecological importance.

• Ecological Significance: It supports diverse aquatic life and serves as a habitat for migratory birds, particularly waterfowl.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Tripura

  • Wetland Type: Freshwater lake

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Western Tripura

Uttar Pradesh 

1. Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: Located in the Sant Kabir Nagar district, this sanctuary is vital for waterfowl and migratory bird species.

• Ecological Significance: Serves as an important feeding and nesting ground for various waterfowl and aquatic species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Wildlife sanctuary

  • Key Species: Migratory waterfowl

  • Location: Sant Kabir Nagar district

2. Haiderpur Wetland – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: A large wetland located near the western banks of the Ganga River, important for migratory birds.

• Ecological Significance: Acts as a significant stopover site for migratory birds and is crucial for the region’s biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Wetland

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Western Uttar Pradesh

3. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: Located in the Unnao district, this bird sanctuary is known for its seasonal bird population.

• Ecological Significance: Supports a wide variety of migratory and resident bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Bird migration and breeding

  • Location: Unnao district

4. Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: A lesser-known bird sanctuary situated in the state, providing important wetland habitats.

• Ecological Significance: Supports a wide range of migratory and indigenous bird species, particularly during winter.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Bird migration habitat

  • Location: Uttar Pradesh

5. Saman Bird Sanctuary – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: Located near Etawah, Saman Bird Sanctuary is important for bird conservation.

• Ecological Significance: Provides crucial wetland habitat for waterfowl and migratory bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Near Etawah

6. Samaspur Bird Sanctuary – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: Situated in the Rae Bareli district, this sanctuary is significant for its birdlife.

• Ecological Significance: Known for hosting migratory birds and serving as an important ecological area for the region’s biodiversity.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Rae Bareli district

7. Sandi Bird Sanctuary – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: Located in the Hardoi district, it is an important bird sanctuary and wetland area.

• Ecological Significance: Known for its wide variety of bird species, especially waterfowl.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Bird sanctuary

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Hardoi district

8. Sarsai Nawar Jheel – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: A wetland area in the Etawah district, known for its biodiversity and migratory birds.

• Ecological Significance: Provides a habitat for waterfowl and other aquatic species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Wetland

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Etawah district

9. Sur Sarovar – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: A well-known wetland area located near Agra.

• Ecological Significance: Vital for waterfowl migration and breeding, especially during winter.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Wetland

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Near Agra

10. Upper Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch) – Uttar Pradesh

• Key Aspect: A riverine wetland stretching along the Ganga River.

• Ecological Significance: A key site for migratory birds and supports aquatic biodiversity along the river.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttar Pradesh

  • Wetland Type: Riverine wetland

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat, river ecosystem

  • Location: Brijghat to Narora Stretch, Ganga River

Uttarakhand 

1. Asan Barrage – Uttarakhand

• Key Aspect: Asan Barrage is located near the Asan River and is known for its rich biodiversity, especially birdlife.

• Ecological Significance: It serves as an important habitat for various migratory birds, particularly waterfowl.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: Uttarakhand

  • Wetland Type: Barrage

  • Ecological Role: Migratory bird habitat

  • Location: Near the Asan River, Uttarakhand

West Bengal (3 Ramsar Sites)

1. East Calcutta Wetlands – West Bengal

• Key Aspect: Located near Kolkata, the East Calcutta Wetlands play an important role in water management and biodiversity conservation.

• Ecological Significance: It provides critical habitat for birds and is also known for its fishery activity and sustainable water management.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: West Bengal

  • Wetland Type: Wetland system

  • Ecological Role: Migratory birds, water management

  • Location: Near Kolkata

2. Sunderbans – West Bengal

• Key Aspect: The Sunderbans is a vast mangrove forest, one of the largest in the world, and home to the famous Bengal tiger.

• Ecological Significance: It provides essential ecosystem services such as coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and supports a variety of wildlife, including endangered species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: West Bengal

  • Wetland Type: Mangrove forest

  • Ecological Role: Coastal protection, biodiversity hotspot

  • Location: South-western Bengal, near the Bay of Bengal

3. Bhitarkanika Mangroves – West Bengal

• Note: Bhitarkanika is primarily in Odisha, but overlaps with administrative zones in West Bengal.

• Key Aspect: The mangrove forest and wetland area provide habitat for a wide range of flora and fauna, including saltwater crocodiles.

• Ecological Significance: Bhitarkanika is crucial for biodiversity conservation and supports numerous migratory bird species.

• Prelims Relevance:

  • State: West Bengal (also Odisha)

  • Wetland Type: Mangrove forest

  • Ecological Role: Saltwater crocodiles, biodiversity hotspot

  • Location: West Bengal and Odisha border, along the Bay of Bengal