🌿 Introduction to National Parks in India
National Parks in India are protected areas of ecological importance created to conserve wildlife and natural ecosystems across the country. These national parks in India fall under the IUCN Category II classification and are managed with a focus on ecosystem preservation and tourism with minimal human interference.
The first of the national parks in India was established in 1936, now known as Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand. At that time, India had only a few such protected regions—just five national parks by 1970. The introduction of the Wildlife Protection Act in 1972 and the launch of Project Tiger in 1973 significantly expanded the network of national parks in India.
Today, there are 107 national parks in India, covering a total area of 44,402.95 square kilometers, which accounts for approximately 1.35% of India’s land area. These protected zones help conserve iconic species such as the Bengal tiger, one-horned rhinoceros, elephants, and snow leopards. Additionally, 75 more national parks have been proposed under the Protected Area Network Report, aiming to further strengthen conservation efforts.
For UPSC aspirants, nature enthusiasts, and environmental researchers, understanding the importance and structure of national parks in India is essential to appreciating the country’s ecological legacy and biodiversity.
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
1. Campbell Bay National Park
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 426 km²
- Location: Great Nicobar Island (southernmost)
- Mountains: Hilly terrain; part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot
- Rivers: Galathea River
- Climate: Tropical rainforest; heavy rainfall, humid throughout the year
- Flora: Tropical evergreen forests; tree ferns, orchids
- Fauna: Nicobar megapode, giant robber crab, Nicobar long-tailed macaque
- Features: Part of Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve; isolated and rich in endemic species
2. Galathea National Park
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 110 km²
- Location: Southern part of Great Nicobar Island
- Mountains: Coastal plateau and low hills
- Rivers: Galathea River (meanders through)
- Climate: Tropical monsoon; high humidity
- Flora: Mangroves, coastal vegetation
- Fauna: Leatherback turtles (nesting), Nicobar tree shrew
- Features: Coastal park known for marine biodiversity; leatherback nesting site
3. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
- Year Established: 1983
- Area: 281.5 km²
- Location: Wandoor, near Port Blair, South Andaman
- Climate: Tropical marine; humid, hot summers and mild winters
- Flora: Coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass
- Fauna: Sea turtles, dolphins, reef fish, dugong
- Features: 15 islands with coral reefs and marine life; popular for snorkeling and glass-bottom boat rides
4. North Button Island National Park
- Year Established: 1979
- Area: 44 km²
- Location: Near Long Island, Middle Andaman
- Mountains: Small hillocks
- Climate: Tropical marine
- Flora: Coastal forests, evergreen species
- Fauna: Dolphin, water monitor lizard, dugong
- Features: Rich marine biodiversity; part of Button Islands group
5. Middle Button Island National Park
- Year Established: 1979
- Area: 64 km²
- Location: Near Long Island, Middle Andaman
- Climate: Hot and humid; marine tropical
- Flora: Tropical evergreen and mangrove forests
- Fauna: Dolphins, sea turtles, water lizards
- Features: Coral reefs and clear waters
6. South Button Island National Park
- Year Established: 1979
- Area: 5 km²
- Location: Near Middle Andaman
- Climate: Tropical marine
- Flora: Coral reefs and aquatic flora
- Fauna: Sea turtles, coral fish, dugong
- Features: Smallest national park in India; snorkeling hotspot
7. Mount Harriet National Park (Renamed Mount Manipur NP in 2021)
- Year Established: 1979
- Area: 46.6 km²
- Location: South Andaman Island
- Mountains: Mount Harriet (365 m), third-highest peak in Andamans
- Rivers: Streams and springs
- Climate: Tropical; moist and warm
- Flora: Evergreen and deciduous forests, ferns, wild orchids
- Fauna: Andaman wild pig, robber crab, hornbills, Andaman day gecko
- Features: Featured on the old ₹20 note; renamed Mount Manipur NP in 2021
8. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park
- Year Established: 1996
- Area: 256 km²
- Location: Ritchie’s Archipelago, South Andaman
- Mountains: Coral islands and shallow reefs
- Climate: Marine tropical
- Flora: Coral reefs, mangroves
- Fauna: Dugongs, dolphins, reef fish
- Features: Comprises Cinque Island group and other coral-rich islands
9. Saddle Peak National Park
- Year Established: 1987
- Area: 85 km²
- Location: North Andaman Island
- Mountains: Saddle Peak (732 m) – highest point in Andamans
- Rivers: Several small streams
- Climate: Tropical wet evergreen
- Flora: Canopy trees, epiphytes, rare orchids
- Fauna: Andaman hill myna, wild pig, python, Andaman krait
- Features: Dense forest, endemic biodiversity; major trekking route
Assam
1. Kaziranga National Park (Tiger Reserve in 2006)
- Year Established: 1974
- Area: 859 km²
- Mountains: Floodplains, no significant hills
- Rivers: Brahmaputra River; multiple wetlands and beels
- Climate: Tropical monsoon; heavy rainfall and floods
- Flora: Tall elephant grass, tropical moist deciduous forest
- Fauna: One-horned rhinoceros (highest global population), elephant, tiger, swamp deer, wild buffalo
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; known for seasonal flooding and grassland ecosystem
2. Manas National Park (Sanctuary since 1928)
- Year Established: 1990 (Core Area: 500 km²)
- Area: 500 km² (Core)
- Mountains: Foothills of Eastern Himalayas
- Rivers: Manas River (tributary of Brahmaputra)
- Climate: Tropical and subtropical; high rainfall
- Flora: Moist deciduous forests, grasslands
- Fauna: Golden langur, pygmy hog, tiger, wild buffalo, clouded leopard
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; Biosphere Reserve; Project Tiger site
3. Nameri National Park
- Year Established: 1998
- Area: 200 km²
- Mountains: Himalayan foothills (near Arunachal border)
- Rivers: Jia Bhoroli River
- Climate: Tropical; moderate winters, monsoon-dominated rainfall
- Flora: Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
- Fauna: Bengal tiger, leopard, elephant, white-winged wood duck (endangered)
- Features: Critical bird area; part of the larger Nameri Tiger Reserve
4. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
- Year Established: 1999
- Area: 340 km²
- Mountains: Flat alluvial floodplain
- Rivers: Dibru & Brahmaputra Rivers
- Climate: Tropical monsoon
- Flora: Semi-evergreen forest, grassland, swamp
- Fauna: Feral horse (rare), Gangetic dolphin, capped langur, tiger
- Features: Known for white-winged wood duck and riverine habitat
5. Orang National Park (also known as Rajiv Gandhi NP)
- Year Established: 1999
- Area: 78.8 km²
- Mountains: Floodplain
- Rivers: North bank of Brahmaputra
- Climate: Tropical wet
- Flora: Alluvial grasslands and savanna woodland
- Fauna: One-horned rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, pygmy hog, elephants
- Features: “Mini Kaziranga”; high density of rhinos and water birds
6. Raimona National Park
- Year Established: 2021
- Area: 422 km²
- Mountains: Foothills of Eastern Himalayas (Bodoland region)
- Rivers: Sankosh River
- Climate: Subtropical with heavy rainfall
- Flora: Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests
- Fauna: Golden langur (endemic), tiger, elephants
- Features: Part of the Chakrashila-Kachugaon-Gaurang landscape; new tiger corridor
7. Dehing Patkai National Park
- Year Established: 2021
- Area: 234.2 km²
- Mountains: Patkai hills
- Rivers: Dihing River
- Climate: Tropical wet evergreen
- Flora: Tropical rainforests, orchids, ferns
- Fauna: Clouded leopard, flying squirrel, marbled cat, hornbills
- Features: India’s only rainforest National Park; exceptional butterfly diversity
8. Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park
- Status: Proposed / Not officially notified yet. Referenced in some unofficial lists (possibly miswritten or proposed); not found in official MoEFCC sources as of 2025.
Arunachal Pradesh
1. Namdapha National Park
- Year Established: 1983
- Area: 1,808 km² (4th largest in India)
- Location: Changlang district, eastern Arunachal Pradesh
- Mountains: Patkai Hills, Dapha Bum Range
- Rivers: Noa-Dihing River
- Climate: Subtropical to alpine; high rainfall, misty
- Flora: Tropical rainforest to alpine vegetation; orchids, cane, ferns
- Fauna: All 4 big cats — tiger, leopard, snow leopard, clouded leopard; red panda, hoolock gibbon
- Features: One of the richest biodiversity hotspots in India; remote and undisturbed
2. Mouling National Park
- Year Established: 1986
- Area: 483 km²
- Location: Upper Siang district
- Mountains: Mouling Range, Eastern Himalayas
- Rivers: Siang River (Brahmaputra tributary)
- Climate: Subtropical to alpine; high humidity
- Flora: Tropical evergreen, bamboo groves, rhododendrons
- Fauna: Takin, red panda, serow, clouded leopard
- Features: Difficult terrain; tribal significance; known for wild medicinal plants
Andhra Pradesh
1. Sri Venkateswara National Park
- Year Established: 1989
- Area: 353.6 km²
- Location: Chittoor and Kadapa districts
- Mountains: Eastern Ghats (Seshachalam Hills)
- Rivers: Swarnamukhi River
- Climate: Tropical dry deciduous
- Flora: Red sanders, sandalwood, bamboo
- Fauna: Leopard, sloth bear, deer, Indian giant squirrel
- Features: Part of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve; sacred forests near Tirumala
2. Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) National Park
- Year Established: 2005
- Area: 2.4 km²
- Location: Kadapa district
- Mountains: Low hills of Eastern Ghats
- Climate: Dry tropical
- Flora: Dry scrub forests
- Fauna: Spotted deer, peafowl, reptiles
- Features: One of the smallest national parks in India; focused on regional conservation
3. Papikonda National Park
- Year Established: 2008
- Area: 1,013 km²
- Location: East & West Godavari districts
- Mountains: Eastern Ghats
- Rivers: Godavari River flows through
- Climate: Tropical wet-dry
- Flora: Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests
- Fauna: Tiger, leopard, gaur, hill myna
- Features: Dense riverine and hill forests; crucial wildlife corridor
Bihar
1. Valmiki National Park
- Year Established: 1989
- Area: 335.6 km²
- Location: West Champaran district, Indo-Nepal border
- Mountains: Himalayan foothills (Someshwar Hills)
- Rivers: Gandak River
- Climate: Tropical moist deciduous; moderate winters, hot summers
- Flora: Sal, bamboo, grasslands
- Fauna: Tiger, leopard, wild dog, sloth bear, gharial
- Features: Part of Valmiki Tiger Reserve; Bihar’s only national park
Chhattisgarh
1. Kanger Valley National Park
- Year Established: 1982
- Area: 200 km²
- Location: Bastar district
- Mountains: Eastern Ghats
- Rivers: Kanger River
- Climate: Tropical moist deciduous
- Flora: Sal, bamboo, teak
- Fauna: Leopard, tiger, bear, hill myna
- Features: Kotumsar and Dandak caves; known for limestone caves and waterfalls
2. Indravati National Park
- Year Established: 1982
- Area: 1,258.4 km²
- Location: Bijapur district
- Mountains: Southern Satpura range
- Rivers: Indravati River (tributary of Godavari)
- Climate: Tropical dry
- Flora: Dry deciduous forest
- Fauna: Wild buffalo (state animal), tiger, nilgai
- Features: Only park in India to host wild water buffalo (endangered)
3. Guru Ghasidas National Park (Sanjay NP split part)
- Year Established: 2001 (as NP)
- Area: 1,440.7 km²
- Location: Koriya district
- Mountains: Maikal Hills
- Rivers: Hasdeo River
- Climate: Tropical dry and moist deciduous
- Flora: Sal, bamboo, tendu
- Fauna: Sloth bear, tiger, leopard, barking deer
- Features: Recently notified as Tiger Reserve (2022); shares border with MP’s Sanjay NP
Goa
1. Mollem National Park
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 107 km²
- Location: South Goa; part of Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary
- Mountains: Western Ghats
- Rivers: Mandovi River and Dudhsagar stream
- Climate: Tropical monsoon; high rainfall
- Flora: Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forest
- Fauna: Leopard, gaur, black panther, civet, hornbill
- Features: Famous for Dudhsagar Falls and rich biodiversity; part of UNESCO Western Ghats Biosphere
Gujarat
1. Gir National Park
- Year Established: 1975
- Area: 258.7 km² (core area)
- Location: Junagadh, Amreli, and Gir Somnath districts
- Mountains: Gir Hills
- Rivers: Hiran, Shetrunji, Machhundri
- Climate: Tropical; dry and hot summers, mild winters
- Flora: Dry deciduous forests, teak, acacia, flame-of-the-forest
- Fauna: Asiatic lion (only wild population), leopard, striped hyena, chinkara
- Features: Only place in the world where Asiatic lions live in the wild
2. Blackbuck (Velavadar) National Park
- Year Established: 1976
- Area: 34.5 km²
- Location: Bhavnagar district
- Mountains: Flat grassland terrain
- Rivers: None significant (seasonal wetlands)
- Climate: Semi-arid; hot summers, sparse rainfall
- Flora: Grasslands, Prosopis juliflora, saline scrub
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Fauna:Blackbuck (main species), wolf, striped hyena, fox, lesser florican
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Features: Best grassland NP for observing blackbucks and birds like florican
3. Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh
- Year Established: 1982
- Area: 162.9 km² (marine area + 42 islands)
- Location: Jamnagar district
- Mountains: None; coastal tidal flats and reefs
- Rivers: Indus delta influence; tidal channels
- Climate: Arid coastal
- Flora: Coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves
- Fauna: Coral reef fish, dolphins, sea turtles, jellyfish, dugong
- Features: India’s first Marine NP; famous for Pirotan Island and coral diversity
4. Vansda National Park
- Year Established: 1979
- Area: 23.9 km²
- Location: Navsari district
- Mountains: Sahyadri range (Western Ghats extension)
- Rivers: Ambika River
- Climate: Tropical; high humidity and rainfall
- Flora: Moist deciduous forests; teak, bamboo, mango, wild bananas
- Fauna: Leopard, hyena, giant squirrel, pangolin
- Features: Dense canopy forests; rich flora diversity in a compact area
Haryana
1. Sultanpur National Park
- Year Established: 1989
- Area: 1.43 km²
- Location: Gurugram (Gurgaon) district
- Mountains: None; flat alluvial plains
- Rivers: Seasonal wetland fed by rainwater and nearby streams
- Climate: Semi-arid; hot summers, cold winters
- Flora: Grassland, acacia, babool, neem
- Fauna: Migratory birds — Siberian cranes, flamingos, painted storks, pelicans
- Features: Ramsar Site; birding hotspot in NCR
2. Kalesar National Park
- Year Established: 2003
- Area: 46.82 km²
- Location: Yamunanagar district
- Mountains: Shivalik Hills
- Rivers: Yamuna River nearby
- Climate: Subtropical; moderate rainfall
- Flora: Sal, semal, khair, bamboo
- Fauna: Leopard, sambar, barking deer, wild boar
- Features: Part of the Shivalik Elephant Reserve; rich forest biodiversity
Himachal Pradesh
1. Great Himalayan National Park
- Year Established: 1984
- Area: 754.4 km²
- Location: Kullu district
- Mountains: Western Himalayas
- Rivers: Tirthan, Sainj, Jiwa Nal
- Climate: Alpine to temperate; snow in winters
- Flora: Conifers, alpine meadows, rhododendrons
- Fauna: Snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, musk deer, western tragopan
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; high biodiversity and trekking trails
2. Pin Valley National Park
- Year Established: 1987
- Area: 675 km²
- Location: Lahaul & Spiti district
- Mountains: Trans-Himalayas
- Rivers: Pin River
- Climate: Cold desert; snowbound winters
- Flora: Sparse alpine vegetation, juniper, dwarf willows
- Fauna: Snow leopard, ibex, red fox
- Features: High-altitude park; remote and least disturbed ecosystems
3. Khirganga National Park
- Year Established: 2010
- Area: 710 km²
- Location: Kullu district
- Mountains: Parvati Valley
- Rivers: Parvati River
- Climate: Temperate to alpine
- Flora: Oak, deodar, rhododendrons
- Fauna: Himalayan black bear, snow leopard, Himalayan monal
- Features: Trekking hub; part of Parvati–Pin–Great Himalayan corridor
4. Inderkilla National Park
- Year Established: 2010
- Area: 104 km²
- Location: Kullu district
- Mountains: Western Himalayas
- Rivers: Tributaries of Beas River
- Climate: Temperate alpine
- Flora: Alpine pastures, deodar, oak
- Fauna: Snow leopard, brown bear, musk deer
- Features: Rich medicinal flora; high-altitude meadows
5. Simbalbara National Park
- Year Established: 2010
- Area: 27.88 km²
- Location: Sirmaur district
- Mountains: Shivalik Hills
- Rivers: Simbalbara stream
- Climate: Subtropical to temperate
- Flora: Sal and moist deciduous forest
- Fauna: Goral, sambar, leopard, Indian muntjac
- Features: Scenic forest landscape with trails and riverine beauty
Jammu & Kashmir
1. Dachigam National Park
- Year Established: 1981
- Area: 141 km²
- Location: Near Srinagar
- Mountains: Zabarwan Range, Western Himalayas
- Rivers: Dagwan stream (originates from Marsar Lake)
- Climate: Temperate to alpine; snowy winters, mild summers
- Flora: Oak, pine, silver birch, wild cherry
- Fauna: Hangul (Kashmiri stag — endemic and endangered), leopard, Himalayan black bear
- Features: Only habitat of the Hangul; originally established as a watershed preserve
2. Kishtwar National Park
- Year Established: 1981
- Area: 425 km²
- Location: Kishtwar district
- Mountains: Great Himalayan range
- Rivers: Marwah and Renai Rivers
- Climate: Subalpine and alpine
- Flora: Coniferous forests, alpine pastures
- Fauna: Snow leopard, ibex, musk deer, brown bear
- Features: High-altitude park; located near Zanskar range
3. Salim Ali National Park (Also called City Forest National Park)
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 9 km²
- Location: Srinagar city limits
- Mountains: Foothills of the Zabarwan Hills
- Rivers: Wetland-fed lake ecosystem
- Climate: Temperate
- Flora: Poplar, willow, aquatic vegetation
- Fauna: Migratory birds, leopard, porcupine, Himalayan weasel
- Features: Urban park; proposed for eco-tourism and birdwatching
Ladakh
1. Hemis National Park
- Year Established: 1981
- Area: 3,350 km² (Largest National Park in India)
- Location: Eastern Ladakh, south of Leh
- Mountains: Trans-Himalayas; includes Markha, Stok, and Rumbak Valleys
- Rivers: Indus River and its tributaries
- Climate: Cold desert; arid, long winters
- Flora: Alpine steppe, dwarf shrubs, medicinal herbs
- Fauna: Snow leopard (main highlight), bharal (blue sheep), Tibetan wolf, red fox
- Features: Highest altitude NP in India; stronghold for snow leopard conservation
Jharkhand
1. Betla National Park
- Year Established: 1986
- Area: 226.3 km²
- Location: Latehar and Palamu districts
- Mountains: Chota Nagpur Plateau
- Rivers: Koel River and its tributaries
- Climate: Tropical; hot summers, moderate rainfall
- Flora: Sal, bamboo, grasslands
- Fauna: Elephant, leopard, gaur, sloth bear, langur
- Features: Part of the Palamau Tiger Reserve; historic Palamau Fort lies within the park
Kerala
1. Eravikulam National Park
- Year Established: 1978
- Area: 97 km²
- Location: Idukki district, Western Ghats
- Mountains: Anamudi peak (2,695 m — highest in South India)
- Rivers: Tributaries of Periyar River
- Climate: Tropical montane; cool and misty
- Flora: Shola forests, grasslands, Neelakurinji flowers (blooms once every 12 years)
- Fauna: Nilgiri tahr (endemic), leopard, elephant
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; core of high-altitude ecosystem
2. Silent Valley National Park
- Year Established: 1984
- Area: 89.5 km²
- Location: Palakkad district
- Mountains: Nilgiri Hills, Western Ghats
- Rivers: Kunthi River
- Climate: Evergreen rainforest; high rainfall
- Flora: Tropical evergreen forest; orchids, ferns
- Fauna: Lion-tailed macaque, tiger, flying squirrel
- Features: Pristine rainforest; no road access inside core area
3. Periyar National Park
- Year Established: 1982
- Area: 350 km² (core zone)
- Location: Idukki and Pathanamthitta districts
- Mountains: Cardamom Hills, Western Ghats
- Rivers: Periyar River; artificial lake from Mullaperiyar Dam
- Climate: Tropical; heavy monsoon
- Flora: Evergreen and moist deciduous forests, grasslands
- Fauna: Elephants, tigers, gaur, sambar, otters
- Features: Known for boat safaris; strong elephant population
4. Mathikettan Shola National Park
- Year Established: 2003
- Area: 12.8 km²
- Location: Idukki district
- Mountains: Western Ghats
- Rivers: Streams feeding the Pambar River
- Climate: Tropical montane
- Flora: Dense shola forest
- Fauna: Leopard, elephant, giant squirrel
- Features: Corridor between Eravikulam and Periyar parks
5. Pampadum Shola National Park
- Year Established: 2003
- Area: 1.3 km² (smallest NP in Kerala)
- Location: Idukki district
- Mountains: Western Ghats
- Rivers: Small streams
- Climate: Tropical wet evergreen
- Flora: Shola-grassland ecosystem
- Fauna: Nilgiri marten, wild dogs, elephants
- Features: Important for ecological connectivity and water conservation
6. Anamudi Shola National Park
- Year Established: 2003
- Area: 7.5 km²
- Location: Idukki district
- Mountains: Western Ghats (near Anamudi)
- Rivers: Tributaries of Pambar and Periyar Rivers
- Climate: Montane tropical
- Flora: Shola forests and grasslands
- Fauna: Elephant, Nilgiri langur, tahr
- Features: Enhances connectivity between other shola reserves
Karnataka
1. Bandipur National Park
- Year Established: 1974
- Area: 874.2 km²
- Location: Chamarajanagar district
- Mountains: Western Ghats, Nilgiri Biosphere
- Rivers: Kabini, Moyar
- Climate: Tropical; dry summers, moderate monsoon
- Flora: Teak, rosewood, sandalwood
- Fauna: Tigers, elephants, dholes, gaurs
- Features: Part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve; tiger corridor with Nagarhole and Wayanad
2. Nagarhole National Park (Rajiv Gandhi NP)
- Year Established: 1988
- Area: 643.4 km²
- Location: Kodagu and Mysuru districts
- Mountains: Western Ghats
- Rivers: Kabini River
- Climate: Tropical moist deciduous
- Flora: Teak, rosewood, bamboo
- Fauna: Tiger, leopard, elephant, sloth bear
- Features: UNESCO candidate site; excellent wildlife sightings via safaris
3. Bannerghatta National Park
- Year Established: 1974
- Area: 260.5 km²
- Location: Bengaluru Urban district
- Mountains: Deccan Plateau, undulating terrain
- Rivers: Suvarnamukhi stream
- Climate: Semi-arid tropical
- Flora: Shrubs, bamboo, deciduous species
- Fauna: Leopard, lion, elephant, jackal
- Features: Houses India’s first butterfly park; popular for zoo and safari
4. Anshi National Park (Merged into Kali Tiger Reserve)
- Year Established: 1987
- Area: 417.3 km²
- Location: Uttara Kannada district
- Mountains: Western Ghats
- Rivers: Kali River
- Climate: Humid tropical
- Flora: Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests
- Fauna: Black panther, tiger, flying squirrel
- Features: Part of Kali Tiger Reserve; very rich in biodiversity
5. Kudremukh National Park
- Year Established: 1987
- Area: 600.3 km²
- Location: Chikkamagaluru, Udupi districts
- Mountains: Kudremukh Peak, Western Ghats
- Rivers: Tunga, Bhadra
- Climate: Tropical wet; high rainfall
- Flora: Shola forests, grasslands
- Fauna: Lion-tailed macaque, tiger, leopard
- Features: One of India’s largest reserved shola-grassland ecosystems
Maharashtra
1. Tadoba National Park
- Year Established: 1955
- Area: 116.5 km² (core); part of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve
- Location: Chandrapur district
- Mountains: Chandrapur hills
- Rivers: Andhari River
- Climate: Tropical dry deciduous
- Flora: Teak, bamboo, flame of the forest
- Fauna: Tiger (top predator), sloth bear, wild dog, leopard
- Features: One of the best tiger reserves in India
2. Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Borivali NP)
- Year Established: 1983
- Area: 86.9 km²
- Location: Mumbai suburbs
- Mountains: Kanheri Hills (Western Ghats extension)
- Rivers: Vihar and Tulsi Lakes
- Climate: Tropical coastal
- Flora: Bamboo, teak, mango, medicinal plants
- Fauna: Leopards, civets, bonnet macaques
- Features: Urban park; home to 2400-year-old Kanheri caves
3. Chandoli National Park
- Year Established: 2004
- Area: 317.7 km²
- Location: Sangli and Satara districts
- Mountains: Sahyadri Hills
- Rivers: Warna River
- Climate: Tropical monsoon
- Flora: Evergreen and deciduous forests
- Fauna: Gaur, tiger, sambar, mouse deer
- Features: Part of Sahyadri Tiger Reserve
4. Gugamal National Park
- Year Established: 1974
- Area: 361.3 km²
- Location: Amravati district
- Mountains: Satpura range
- Rivers: Sipna River
- Climate: Tropical
- Flora: Teak, bamboo, grasslands
- Fauna: Tiger, panther, nilgai, wild dog
- Features: Core of Melghat Tiger Reserve
5. Nawegaon National Park
- Year Established: 1975
- Area: 133.9 km²
- Location: Gondia district
- Mountains: Satpura foothills
- Rivers: Nawegaon Lake (man-made)
- Climate: Tropical dry
- Flora: Teak, bamboo, jamun
- Fauna: Leopard, sloth bear, herons, kingfisher
- Features: Birdwatcher’s paradise; scenic lake
6. Pench National Park (Jawaharlal Nehru NP) (Maharashtra side)
- Year Established: 1975
- Area: 257.3 km²
- Location: Nagpur district
- Mountains: Satpura range
- Rivers: Pench River
- Climate: Tropical dry deciduous
- Flora: Teak, mahua, bamboo
- Fauna: Tiger, leopard, chital, wild dog
- Features: Part of the larger Pench Tiger Reserve, shared with Madhya Pradesh
Manipur
1. Keibul Lamjao National Park
- Year Established: 1977
- Area: 40 km²
- Location: Bishnupur district
- Mountains: None; located on Loktak Lake
- Rivers: Loktak Lake system
- Climate: Subtropical with humid summers and mild winters
- Flora: Floating vegetation called phumdis (heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matter)
- Fauna: Sangai (brow-antlered deer – endemic and endangered), hog deer, otter, waterfowl
- Features: World’s only floating national park; vital wetland ecosystem under Ramsar Convention
Meghalaya
1. Nokrek Ridge National Park
- Year Established: 1986
- Area: 47.5 km²
- Location: West Garo Hills district
- Mountains: Nokrek Peak (highest in Garo Hills)
- Rivers: Simsang River and tributaries
- Climate: Subtropical; high rainfall
- Flora: Tropical and subtropical broadleaf forests; citrus biodiversity
- Fauna: Red panda, golden cat, hoolock gibbon, Asian elephant
- Features: UNESCO Biosphere Reserve; home to the endemic wild citrus fruit (Citrus indica)
2. Balphakram National Park
- Year Established: 1985
- Area: 220 km²
- Location: South Garo Hills district
- Mountains: Balphakram Plateau (eastern rim of Tura range)
- Rivers: Simsang and Mahadeo Rivers
- Climate: Tropical with heavy monsoons
- Flora: Subtropical forest, rare herbs, pitcher plants
- Fauna: Red panda, gibbons, leopards, golden langurs, marbled cat
- Features: “Land of Spirits” — sacred to local Garo tribes; rich in caves and canyons
Mizoram
1. Murlen National Park
- Year Established: 1991
- Area: 100 km²
- Location: Champhai district, near Indo-Myanmar border
- Mountains: Lushai Hills
- Rivers: Streams of Tuipui River system
- Climate: Subtropical; heavy monsoon rainfall
- Flora: Dense semi-evergreen and bamboo forests; often called “the land of no sunlight” (due to thick canopy)
- Fauna: Tiger, leopard, Himalayan black bear, serow, Hoolock gibbon
- Features: Extremely rich biodiversity and dense forests with canopy coverage of 70%
2. Phawngpui National Park (also called Blue Mountain National Park)
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 50 km²
- Location: Lawngtlai district
- Mountains: Phawngpui Peak (2,157 m – highest in Mizoram)
- Rivers: Streams flowing into the Kolodyne River
- Climate: Temperate; cool and misty year-round
- Flora: Orchids, rhododendrons, bamboo, grasslands
- Fauna: Clouded leopard, barking deer, goral, Blyth’s tragopan
- Features: Sacred mountain to local tribes; panoramic grassland meadows and cliffs
Nagaland
1. Intanki National Park (also spelled Ntangki)
- Year Established: 1993
- Area: 202.0 km²
- Location: Peren district
- Mountains: Barail Range
- Rivers: Intanki River and tributaries
- Climate: Subtropical; high humidity and rainfall
- Flora: Tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, bamboo, cane
- Fauna: Hoolock gibbon, capped langur, golden langur, sloth bear, leopard, python
- Features: Only National Park in Nagaland; significant tribal forest conservation efforts
Madhya Pradesh
1. Kanha National Park
- Year Established: 1955
- Area: 940 km²
- Location: Mandla and Balaghat districts
- Mountains: Maikal Hills, Satpura range
- Rivers: Banjar and Halon Rivers
- Climate: Tropical moist and dry deciduous
- Flora: Sal, bamboo, grasslands
- Fauna: Barasingha (state animal), tiger, leopard, gaur
- Features: Inspiration for The Jungle Book; successful reintroduction of swamp deer
2. Bandhavgarh National Park
- Year Established: 1968
- Area: 448.8 km²
- Location: Umaria district
- Mountains: Vindhya Hills
- Rivers: Son River tributaries
- Climate: Tropical; hot summers
- Flora: Sal forests, grasslands
- Fauna: High tiger density, leopard, deer, langurs
- Features: Ancient Bandhavgarh Fort; known for frequent tiger sightings
3. Panna National Park
- Year Established: 1981
- Area: 542.7 km²
- Location: Panna and Chhatarpur districts
- Mountains: Vindhya range
- Rivers: Ken River
- Climate: Tropical dry deciduous
- Flora: Teak, flame of the forest, acacia
- Fauna: Tiger (reintroduced), leopard, gharial, vultures
- Features: Ken-Betwa river interlinking project proposed nearby; UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
4. Pench National Park
- Year Established: 1975
- Area: 292.8 km²
- Location: Seoni and Chhindwara districts
- Mountains: Satpura range
- Rivers: Pench River
- Climate: Tropical dry
- Flora: Teak, mahua, bamboo
- Fauna: Tiger, leopard, Indian wolf, jackal
- Features: Shared with Maharashtra; setting of The Jungle Book
5. Satpura National Park
- Year Established: 1981
- Area: 585.2 km²
- Location: Hoshangabad (Narmadapuram) district
- Mountains: Satpura range
- Rivers: Denwa River
- Climate: Tropical moist deciduous
- Flora: Sal, teak, bamboo
- Fauna: Sloth bear, leopard, Indian bison, crocodiles
- Features: Boat, jeep, and walking safaris; least commercialized tiger habitat
6. Sanjay National Park
- Year Established: 1981
- Area: 466.9 km²
- Location: Sidhi and Singrauli districts
- Mountains: Eastern Satpura range
- Rivers: Banas River
- Climate: Tropical moist
- Flora: Sal, bamboo
- Fauna: Leopard, nilgai, sambar, wild boar
- Features: Shares boundary with Guru Ghasidas NP in Chhattisgarh
7. Fossil National Park
- Year Established: 1983
- Area: 0.27 km² (Smallest NP in MP)
- Location: Dindori district
- Mountains: Vindhyan Plateau
- Rivers: None significant
- Climate: Tropical dry
- Flora: Fossilized trees and stumps
- Fauna: Nil
- Features: Geological site with plant fossils from 40–150 million years ago
8. Dinosaur Fossils National Park
- Year Established: 2011
- Area: 0.897 km²
- Location: Dhar district
- Mountains: Malwa Plateau
- Rivers: Chambal tributaries
- Climate: Tropical dry
- Flora: Fossil-rich terrain
- Fauna: None (Paleontological site)
- Features: Fossilized dinosaur eggs and bones; significant for evolutionary studies
9. Madhav National Park
- Year Established: 1959
- Area: 375.2 km²
- Location: Shivpuri district
- Mountains: Vindhyan outliers
- Rivers: Sakhya Sagar and Madhav lakes
- Climate: Semi-arid
- Flora: Dry deciduous forest, scrub
- Fauna: Leopard, chinkara, nilgai, crocodile
- Features: Historic hunting ground of Gwalior royalty
10. Van Vihar National Park
- Year Established: 1979
- Area: 4.45 km²
- Location: Bhopal (Urban)
- Mountains: Flat terrain
- Rivers: Adjacent to Upper Lake
- Climate: Tropical semi-arid
- Flora: Urban woodland
- Fauna: Tiger, bear, python, deer (semi-captive model)
- Features: Urban conservation park; combines zoo and free-range model
11. Ratapani National Park
- Status: Declared as a National Park (notified)
- Area: ~823 km²
- Location: Raisen and Sehore districts
- Mountains: Vindhya ranges
- Rivers: Barna, Dhaman, and Kaliasot rivers
- Climate: Tropical dry deciduous
- Flora: Teak, tendu, bamboo, medicinal plants
- Fauna: Leopard, sloth bear, chinkara, hyena, jungle cat
- Features: Proposed Tiger Reserve; known for Bhimbetka rock shelters (UNESCO World Heritage site nearby)
Odisha
1. Simlipal National Park
- Year Established: 1980 (Declared NP), part of Biosphere Reserve since 1994
- Area: 845.7 km²
- Location: Mayurbhanj district, northern Odisha
- Mountains: Eastern Ghats; Simlipal Hills
- Rivers: Budhabalanga, Palpala, and tributaries
- Climate: Tropical monsoon; heavy rainfall
- Flora: Sal forests, grasslands, orchids, medicinal plants
- Fauna: Tiger, elephant, gaur, giant squirrel, pangolin
- Features: Part of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve; home to Barehipani and Joranda waterfalls
2. Bhitarkanika National Park
- Year Established: 1988
- Area: 145 km²
- Location: Kendrapara district, eastern Odisha
- Mountains: Coastal deltaic plains
- Rivers: Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra rivers
- Climate: Tropical coastal; humid with high rainfall
- Flora: Mangrove forests, tidal wetlands, salt-tolerant species
- Fauna: Saltwater crocodile, olive ridley turtle, king cobra, water monitor lizard
- Features: India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem; Ramsar site
Rajasthan
1. Ranthambore National Park
- Year Established: 1980 (Declared as sanctuary earlier in 1955)
- Area: 282 km² (core), total area under TR ~1,334 km²
- Location: Sawai Madhopur district
- Mountains: Aravalli and Vindhya ranges
- Rivers: Banas River and Chambal tributaries
- Climate: Semi-arid; hot summers, cold winters
- Flora: Dhok tree dominant, dry deciduous forests
- Fauna: Bengal tiger, sloth bear, caracal, marsh crocodile
- Features: Famous for tiger photography and Ranthambore Fort (UNESCO tentative list)
2. Sariska National Park
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 273.8 km² (core)
- Location: Alwar district
- Mountains: Aravalli Hills
- Rivers: Seasonal rivers (Saraswati, Talvriksha)
- Climate: Dry tropical; sparse rainfall
- Flora: Dhok, acacia, bamboo, thorn scrub
- Fauna: Reintroduced tigers, leopard, nilgai, hyena
- Features: Rich in historic temples and forts; former royal hunting ground
3. Desert National Park
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 3,162 km²
- Location: Jaisalmer and Barmer districts
- Mountains: Sand dunes, rocky outcrops
- Rivers: None permanent; ephemeral streams
- Climate: Arid desert climate
- Flora: Cacti, shrubs, xerophytic grasses
- Fauna: Great Indian bustard, desert fox, monitor lizard, chinkara
- Features: Fossils of dinosaurs and trees dating back 180 million years
4. Keoladeo Ghana National Park (Bharatpur)
- Year Established: 1981 (as NP); earlier a duck-hunting reserve
- Area: 28.7 km²
- Location: Bharatpur district
- Mountains: None; flat wetlands
- Rivers: Artificially managed wetland via Ghana Canal
- Climate: Tropical wet and dry
- Flora: Wetland plants, acacia, babool
- Fauna: Over 375 bird species including Siberian crane, herons, ibises
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; prime birdwatching destination
5. Mukundra Hills National Park
- Year Established: 2006
- Area: 200.5 km²
- Location: Kota, Bundi, and Chittorgarh districts
- Mountains: Mukundra Hills (Aravalli-Vindhyan interface)
- Rivers: Chambal, Kali Sindh, and Ahu rivers
- Climate: Semi-arid
- Flora: Dry deciduous forests
- Fauna: Leopard, sloth bear, chinkara, nilgai
- Features: Recently notified Tiger Reserve; strategic relocation zone
Sikkim
Khangchendzonga National Park
- Year Established: 1977
- Area: 1784 km²
- Mountains: Located in the Himalayas; includes Mount Khangchendzonga (third-highest peak in the world)
- Rivers: Teesta River and its tributaries originate here
- Climate: Alpine to temperate; heavy snowfall in winter, cool summers
- Flora: Oak, fir, birch, rhododendron, alpine grasses, medicinal plants
- Fauna: Snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan tahr, musk deer
- Features: UNESCO Mixed Heritage Site; rich cultural and biodiversity hotspot
Tamil Nadu
1. Guindy National Park
- Year Established: 1976
- Area: 2.7 km²
- Mountains: Nil
- Rivers: Nil (urban park)
- Climate: Tropical; hot summers, mild winters
- Flora: Dry evergreen scrub, thorn forest, neem, tamarind, gulmohar
- Fauna: Blackbuck, spotted deer, jackal, civet, mongoose, monitor lizard
- Features: One of the few national parks within a city (Chennai); eco-educational importance
2. Mudumalai National Park
- Year Established: 1990 (part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve)
- Area: 321 km²
- Mountains: Nilgiri Hills (Western Ghats)
- Rivers: Moyar River flows through the park
- Climate: Tropical; moderate rainfall, pleasant year-round
- Flora: Tropical moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous, teak, bamboo
- Fauna: Elephants, tigers, leopards, Indian gaurs, sloth bear
- Features: Important wildlife corridor with Bandipur (Karnataka) and Wayanad (Kerala)
3. Mukurthi National Park
- Year Established: 1990
- Area: 78.5 km²
- Mountains: Western Ghats (Nilgiris)
- Rivers: Several streams feeding Bhavani River
- Climate: Cool temperate; high rainfall
- Flora: Shola-grassland ecosystem, rhododendron, orchids
- Fauna: Nilgiri tahr (endemic), leopards, sambars, otters
- Features: UNESCO Western Ghats World Heritage Site; protected for Nilgiri Tahr conservation
4. Indira Gandhi (Anamalai) National Park
- Year Established: 1989
- Area: 958 km²
- Mountains: Anaimalai Hills (Western Ghats)
- Rivers: Aliyar, Thunakadavu, Upper Aliyar rivers
- Climate: Tropical; humid, heavy monsoon
- Flora: Tropical wet evergreen, semi-evergreen, deciduous forests
- Fauna: Lion-tailed macaque, elephant, tiger, panther, pangolin
- Features: High biodiversity and indigenous tribal communities
5. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (partly declared National Park)
- Note: While primarily a Tiger Reserve, part of it is managed with National Park regulations
- Area: 1,411 km²
- Mountains: Eastern Ghats meeting Western Ghats
- Rivers: Bhavani, Moyar rivers
- Climate: Tropical to subtropical
- Flora: Mixed deciduous, dry forests, scrub
- Fauna: Tigers, leopards, elephants, dholes
- Features: Critical wildlife corridor in Southern India
Telangana
1. Kasu Brahmananda Reddy (KBR) National Park
- Year Established: 1994
- Area: 1.42 km²
- Location: Hyderabad city
- Climate: Semi-arid; hot summers, moderate rainfall
- Flora: Dry deciduous scrub forest; neem, teak, bamboo
- Fauna: Peacocks, jungle cat, porcupine, monitor lizard
- Features: Urban biodiversity hub and eco-tourism spot in Hyderabad
2. Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park
- Year Established: 1994
- Area: 14.59 km²
- Location: Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad
- Rivers: Small streams
- Climate: Tropical; hot summers, moderate monsoon
- Flora: Grasslands, thorny scrub, acacia, neem
- Fauna: Blackbucks (main attraction), cheetals, mongoose, monitor lizard
- Features: Originally a private hunting ground of the Nizam of Hyderabad
3. Mrugavani National Park
- Year Established: 1994
- Area: 3.6 km²
- Location: Near Chilkur, Hyderabad
- Mountains: Undulating terrain
- Rivers: Nil
- Climate: Semi-arid; hot and dry with mild winters
- Flora: Tropical deciduous forest, bamboo, teak
- Fauna: Indian hare, civet, wild boar, snake species
- Features: Environmental education center and trekking facility
Tripura
1. Clouded Leopard National Park
- Year Established: 2007
- Area: 5.08 km²
- Location: Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary, West Tripura
- Mountains: Located in low hills of eastern Tripura
- Rivers: Nearby Gumti River
- Climate: Tropical monsoon; high rainfall, humid
- Flora: Tropical evergreen forest, bamboo thickets
- Fauna: Clouded leopard (main species), spectacled langur, migratory birds
- Features: Named after rare Clouded Leopard; conservation-focused
2. Rajbari (Bison) National Park
- Year Established: 2007
- Area: 31.6 km²
- Location: Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, South Tripura
- Mountains: Low-elevation hillocks
- Rivers: Numerous wetlands and water bodies
- Climate: Humid subtropical
- Flora: Semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests
- Fauna: Indian Gaur (bison), deer, hoolock gibbon, rich birdlife
- Features: Known for bison population; also home to orchids and cane forests
Uttar Pradesh
1. Dudhwa National Park
- Year Established: 1977
- Area: 490.3 km²
- Location: Lakhimpur Kheri District, near Indo-Nepal border
- Mountains: Terai region (foothills of Himalayas)
- Rivers: Suheli and Mohana rivers flow through the park
- Climate: Humid subtropical with dry winters and hot summers
- Flora: Sal forests, grasslands, swamp vegetation
- Fauna: Bengal tiger, swamp deer (barasingha), rhinoceros, elephants
- Features: Part of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve along with Kishanpur and Katarniaghat wildlife sanctuaries
Uttarakhand
1. Jim Corbett National Park
- Year Established: 1936 (as Hailey National Park); renamed in 1956
- Area: 520.8 km²
- Location: Nainital and Pauri Garhwal districts
- Mountains: Outer Himalayas (Shivaliks)
- Rivers: Ramganga River
- Climate: Subtropical with cool winters and hot summers
- Flora: Sal, khair, sissoo, chir pine, grasslands
- Fauna: Bengal tiger, elephants, otters, gharial, leopards
- Features: India’s first national park and first under Project Tiger (1973)
2. Nanda Devi National Park
- Year Established: 1982
- Area: 630.3 km²
- Location: Chamoli district
- Mountains: Surrounded by Nanda Devi peak (7,816 m)
- Rivers: Rishi Ganga
- Climate: Alpine; snow-bound winters and cool summers
- Flora: Alpine meadows, rhododendrons, fir, birch
- Fauna: Snow leopard, bharal, Himalayan musk deer
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site along with Valley of Flowers NP
3. Valley of Flowers National Park
- Year Established: 1982
- Area: 87.5 km²
- Location: Chamoli district, near Badrinath
- Mountains: Western Himalayas
- Rivers: Pushpawati River
- Climate: Alpine; snow-covered in winters
- Flora: Over 500 species of flowering plants; Brahma Kamal, blue poppy
- Fauna: Snow leopard, red fox, Himalayan monal
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; famous for blooming alpine flowers between July–September
4. Rajaji National Park
- Year Established: 1983
- Area: 820 km²
- Location: Haridwar, Dehradun & Pauri districts
- Mountains: Shivalik ranges
- Rivers: Ganges, Song, Chilla, and Suswa rivers
- Climate: Subtropical; hot summers, heavy monsoon
- Flora: Sal forests, grasslands, riverine vegetation
- Fauna: Elephants (large population), tigers, leopards, sloth bears
- Features: Now a Tiger Reserve (2015); gateway between Western and Central Himalayas
5. Govind National Park
- Year Established: 1955
- Area: 958 km²
- Location: Uttarkashi district
- Mountains: Includes Swargarohini peak
- Rivers: Tons River (a tributary of Yamuna)
- Climate: Cold temperate to alpine
- Flora: Coniferous forests, alpine meadows
- Fauna: Snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, musk deer, bears
- Features: Popular trekking destination (Har Ki Doon Valley)
6. Gangotri National Park
- Year Established: 1989
- Area: 2,390 km²
- Location: Uttarkashi district
- Mountains: Gangotri Glacier region, Gaumukh
- Rivers: Bhagirathi (originates here)
- Climate: Alpine; snow-bound winters
- Flora: Cedars, birch, fir, junipers
- Fauna: Snow leopard, Himalayan blue sheep, ibex
- Features: Includes Gangotri glacier; pilgrimage and biodiversity hotspot
West Bengal
1. Sundarbans National Park
- Year Established: 1984 (as NP), declared Tiger Reserve in 1973
- Area: 1,330 km²
- Location: South 24 Parganas district, delta region
- Mountains: None; part of the world’s largest delta (Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna)
- Rivers: Matla, Bidyadhari, and numerous tidal waterways
- Climate: Tropical; hot, humid summers and heavy monsoons
- Flora: Dense mangrove forests (Sundari trees, Nypa palm)
- Fauna: Royal Bengal tiger (swimming tigers), estuarine crocodile, spotted deer, fishing cat
- Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; world’s largest mangrove forest; critical tiger habitat
2. Buxa National Park
- Year Established: 1992
- Area: 117 km² (core area), with Buxa Tiger Reserve covering ~760 km²
- Location: Alipurduar district, Dooars region
- Mountains: Himalayan foothills (Eastern Himalayas)
- Rivers: Sankosh, Jayanti
- Climate: Subtropical; heavy rainfall, cool winters
- Flora: Semi-evergreen forests, sal, bamboo, ferns
- Fauna: Leopard, gaur, elephants, Himalayan black bear, hornbills
- Features: Rich birdlife (over 300 species), important elephant corridor
3. Gorumara National Park
- Year Established: 1994 (earlier a Wildlife Sanctuary)
- Area: 80 km²
- Location: Jalpaiguri district, Dooars region
- Mountains: Terai-Dooars region, Himalayan foothills
- Rivers: Murti and Jaldhaka rivers
- Climate: Tropical; hot summers, cool winters
- Flora: Sal, teak, bamboos, grasslands
- Fauna: Indian rhinoceros, elephants, gaur, deer, leopards
- Features: Known for one-horned rhinoceros; scenic safari zone
4. Neora Valley National Park
- Year Established: 1986
- Area: 88 km²
- Location: Kalimpong district, near Lava
- Mountains: Eastern Himalayas, including Rachela Pass
- Rivers: Neora River
- Climate: Temperate to alpine; cold winters, heavy rainfall
- Flora: Oak, rhododendron, bamboo, orchids
- Fauna: Red panda, clouded leopard, Himalayan black bear, Himalayan salamander
- Features: One of the least disturbed ecosystems; biodiversity hotspot
5. Singalila National Park
- Year Established: 1986
- Area: 78.6 km²
- Location: Darjeeling district
- Mountains: Singalila Ridge; includes Sandakphu (highest peak in West Bengal)
- Rivers: Several small Himalayan streams
- Climate: Alpine and temperate; cold winters
- Flora: Rhododendrons, magnolias, alpine shrubs
- Fauna: Red panda, Himalayan black bear, takin, leopard cat, satyr tragopan
- Features: Popular trekking destination (Sandakphu-Phalut); panoramic views of 4 of 5 world’s highest peaks
6. Jaldapara National Park
- Year Established: 2012 (originally sanctuary in 1941)
- Area: 217 km²
- Location: Alipurduar district, western Dooars
- Mountains: Foothills of Eastern Himalayas
- Rivers: Torsa River
- Climate: Humid subtropical; monsoonal rains
- Flora: Grasslands, riverine forests, sal forests
- Fauna: Indian rhinoceros, elephant, leopard, bison, hornbills
- Features: Second-highest population of one-horned rhinos in India after Kaziranga
