UPSC Daily Current Affairs – 07 July 2025 | GS Prelims & Mains Explained in 5 Minutes

Looking to boost your UPSC Prelims and Mains preparation? Here’s your all-in-one UPSC Current Affairs Digest for 07 July 2025, covering the most crucial GS topics with in-depth analysis, schemes, treaties, and constitutional references. From India’s evolving strategic autonomy and the China-Pakistan military nexus, to Sixth Schedule tribal issues, public health reforms, and carbon credit geopolitics, every topic is tailored to meet UPSC exam relevance. Also includes insights on sports policy (Khelo Bharat Niti), voter roll reforms, and India’s stand in global diplomacy. Stay ahead with these high-scoring GS concepts designed for answer writing, essays, and ethics integration.

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1.Strategic Autonomy in a Multipolar World: India’s Balanced Diplomacy

✅ Key Points for UPSC (Mains & Prelims)
India’s foreign policy showcases strategic autonomy, combining non-alignment legacy with issue-based alignment in a multipolar global order.

🔍 Evolution of Strategic Autonomy:

• Non-Alignment Era (1947–1961): NAM, Panchsheel, neutrality.
• Realism Phase (1962–71): Pragmatism post-1962 war.
• Regional Assertion (1971–91): USSR alliance, Bangladesh Liberation, Nuclear Test.
• Economic Engagement (1991–2005): Liberalisation and multi-alignment.
• 21st Century Strategy (Post-2005): Indo-Pacific policy, dehyphenation, QUAD engagement.

• UN Charter Articles 1 & 33: Peaceful dispute resolution.
• Panchsheel Principles (1954)
• NAM 2.0: Strategic neutrality with pragmatism.

• Boosts India’s global credibility as a neutral and mature diplomatic player.
• Reinforces leadership in BRICS, SCO, and Global South.
• Enhances India’s role as a bridge between developed and developing nations.

2. China-Pakistan Strategic Challenge: Emerging Hybrid Threats

✅ Key Points for UPSC (Mains & Prelims)
China and Pakistan have intensified military, cyber, and strategic cooperation near India’s sensitive borders. Activities include:

• Joint military drills
• Intelligence sharing
• Dual-use infrastructure in PoK and Tibet

Hybrid threats like cyber warfare, propaganda, and coordinated border transgressions are escalating

• Expansion of CPEC includes military logistics.
• String of Pearls strategy continues in Indian Ocean.
• India counters via Quad, I2U2, France-Japan-US ties.

• UN Charter Article 2(4): No force against territorial integrity.
• India-China Agreements (1993 & 1996): Repeatedly violated.
• SCO & BRICS Security Frameworks: Platforms for diplomacy, but strained by bilateral tensions.

• India must maintain a dual-front military readiness.
• Enhance cyber-security, border surveillance, and regional alliances.
• Strengthen defence manufacturing under Atmanirbhar Bharat.
• Ensure Indian Ocean security and maritime trade protection.

3. Sixth Schedule & Tribal Autonomy: Devolution vs. Exclusion

✅ Key Points for UPSC (Mains & Prelims)

The Sixth Schedule empowers Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) in select Northeast states to govern tribal affairs. However, recent concerns in Assam highlight erosion of autonomy.

• Part of the Indian Constitution (Articles 244 & 275).

• Provides for Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) in Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, and Assam

✅ Successes:

• Empowered local tribal leadership
• Protected land and cultural heritage
• Helped peace processes (e.g., Bodo Accord)

❌ Limitations:

• Weak financial base
• Conflicts with state governance
• Traditional vs. modern law tensions

• Indigenous autonomy in Canada and US tribal councils
• Conflict between identity politics and state centralization globally

📜 Relevant Frameworks

• Article 244 & 275(1)
• Xaxa Committee Report (2013)
• UNDRIP (UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples)

🌍 Implications

• Reforms needed to improve representation, financial autonomy, and harmony with constitutional law.
• Balances integration and identity for national unity.

4. The Khelo Bharat Niti as a Beacon for Indian Football

✅ Key Points for UPSC (Mains & Prelims)

          New Khelo Bharat Niti aims to revitalize Indian football by investing in grassroots talent and rural infrastructure.

• Includes AI-based scouting, regional football academies, and PPP-based funding.

• Encourages private leagues (ISL, I-League) to collaborate with government on youth training.

🌐 Recent Developments & Global Context

• India hosted the FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup and is gaining visibility in global football.

• FIFA & AFC collaborating with India on “Vision 2047” to boost competitiveness.

• Sports is increasingly used as a soft power tool globally—seen in Qatar, France, and Japan.

📜 Relevant Conventions and Treaties

• UNESCO International Charter of Physical Education & Sport

• SDG Goal 3 (Health) and Goal 17 (Partnerships) highlight sports for sustainable development.

• FIFA’s Global Football Development Programme

🌍 Implications for India and the World

• Will boost rural youth participation, physical health, and social integration.

• Enhances India’s image as a rising sports power in Asia.

• Generates employment in sports analytics, coaching, media, and tourism sectors.

5. Common Goals: India’s Diplomacy is Measured, Not Mute

✅ Key Points for UPSC (Mains & Prelims)

• India’s foreign policy underlines strategic autonomy, not silence, on global issues like Russia-Ukraine or Gaza.

• Emphasis on multilateralism and peaceful conflict resolution.

• India’s G20 presidency showcased diplomatic leadership focused on Global South.

🌐 Recent Developments & Global Context

• India chose abstention at UNSC votes but consistently called for dialogue.

• Balancing act between U.S. alignment and legacy friendship with Russia.

• India is seen as a “bridge power” between developing and developed world interests.

📜 Relevant Conventions and Treaties

• UN Charter – Articles 1 & 33: Promote peace, conflict resolution, and international cooperation.

• Panchsheel Principles (1954): Foundation of Indian foreign policy.

• NAM 2.0 Framework – India’s evolved stance on neutrality with pragmatism.

🌍 Implications for India and the World

• Strengthens India’s credibility as a neutral voice in a polarized world.

• Reinforces India’s leadership role in BRICS+, SCO, and the Global South.

• Sets a model of diplomatic maturity in contrast to bloc politics.

6. The End of Tuberculosis That Wasn’t

✅ Key Points for UPSC (Mains & Prelims)

• India aimed to eliminate TB by 2025, ahead of global 2030 target—but progress has stagnated.

• High malnutrition, underreporting in private sector, and post-COVID disruptions continue to hamper TB control.

• India’s National Strategic Plan for TB (2017-2025) needs major ground-level reforms.

🌐 Recent Developments & Global Context

• WHO Global TB Report 2024: India accounts for 27% of global TB cases.

• COVID-19 delayed detection, leading to resurgence of latent TB cases.

• NFHS-5 reveals 35% of children under 5 are underweight—nutrition a major risk factor for TB.

📜 Relevant Conventions and Treaties

• WHO End TB Strategy (2015–2035)

• UN High-Level Meeting on TB (2018) – commits global action on TB control.

• SDG Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) includes TB eradication targets.

🌍 Implications for India and the World

• India’s TB control is essential for achieving global health milestones.

• Failure could undermine India’s leadership in public health diplomacy.

• Need for convergence of TB control with nutrition, sanitation, and digital health systems.